PFAS in Alabama

Last updated: July 16, 2025
Contributor: nicky

I started examining PFAS in Alabama after reading multiple studies that called these chemicals “forever” substances. PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, highlighted a serious concern for me: they do not break down easily in the environment and can persist in water, soil, and even in our bodies. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), PFAS were found in the blood of 97% of Americans who participated in certain national health surveys. When I learned that these chemicals have spread in numerous Alabama communities, I wanted to understand the scope of the contamination, its impacts on human health, and how residents like me can seek help or take legal action if needed.

I aim to share what I have discovered about PFAS contamination in Alabama: how it reaches our drinking water, how it may impact crops, and what health threats it poses, including potential links to kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and more. Public agencies and research institutions like the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are still studying the full breadth of PFAS dangers, but what is already known offers enough evidence to warrant urgent attention. My investigation also allowed me to explore how state and federal regulators have responded, and whether legal remedies are available for those of us who are directly affected by PFAS contamination.

In the following sections, I will break down why PFAS are hazardous, where they have been detected in Alabama’s water and soil, and which communities are at greatest risk. I will also highlight public health advisories, lawsuits, and ongoing efforts by agencies such as the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) to mitigate PFAS hazards. If you reside in an affected area, there are specific steps you can consider taking—like testing your water or soil—and opportunities to pursue a PFAS lawsuit in Alabama if you have suffered harm from these chemicals.

What are PFAS and why are they dangerous?

PFAS stands for a large group of synthetic chemicals that have been used since the mid-20th century in products requiring resistance to heat, water, or oil. Common sources include non-stick cookware, water-repellent fabrics, food packaging, and firefighting foam. Because they are so stable, PFAS can move through soil and water without decomposing for decades.

Scientists agree that PFAS accumulate in the human body over time. The National Toxicology Program (NTP), headquartered at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, concluded that two well-studied types of PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) suppress the antibody response and can harm immune system function in humans. According to NIEHS-supported research, there is also growing evidence that PFAS affect the endocrine system, disrupt normal hormone levels, and contribute to an array of health disorders.

Studies have found PFAS contamination in groundwater and surface water, as well as in animal and human tissues. Although some types like PFOS and PFOA were phased out of consumer products in the United States in the early 2000s, many other PFAS remain in use. That means ongoing industrial discharge, landfill leachate, and wastewater effluent can still contaminate ecosystems in Alabama and beyond. For those of us living in communities where PFAS have been detected, the call for immediate action, including testing and potential remediation, has grown louder.

Where are PFAS found in Alabama?

Highly industrial areas, military sites, and commercial hubs often report high PFAS levels, but PFAS Alabama data also point to widespread detection across rural and suburban zones. Metal plating and finishing operations use PFAS-based suppressants, which end up in wastewater discharges. Certain landfills that received PFAS-containing items before the 1990s did not always have proper liners, allowing these chemicals to escape into groundwater. Additionally, Class B firefighting foams that contain fluorine have been deployed in airports and refineries across the state.

Below is a simplified table, based on what I have gathered from multiple environmental studies, summarizing some common PFAS sources in Alabama:

Source	Description
Metal plating facilities	PFAS-containing mist suppressants used in chrome baths
Landfills	Possible leachate from discarded PFAS materials
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)	May release PFAS in effluent and sludge
Firefighting training sites	Class B foams used for flammable liquid fires
Industrial manufacturing	PFAS used in coatings and polymer production

Many of these activities took place over decades, so the accumulation of PFAS can be difficult to trace. While long-term solutions are being considered, local communities often rely on state testing programs, advisories, or well water checks to gauge their exposure risk.

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PFAS in Alabama’s drinking water

Drinking water contamination has become one of the most pressing PFAS issues in Alabama. I was initially surprised to learn that public water systems in several areas had detected PFAS at levels that raised health concerns. Federal action levels have evolved, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed stricter Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for PFAS, prompting further testing at local utilities.

Impacted cities and counties

Although PFAS have been found across Alabama, some regions show more elevated readings than others. Counties near industrial complexes and military installations face higher PFAS risks because of historical chemical usage in firefighting foam and manufacturing. The state has also documented PFAS in smaller towns, where private well owners may not realize they are drawing tainted water.

I have seen official advisories in areas near the Tennessee River Valley, where industrial discharge has been an ongoing problem, as well as near certain landfill sites in northern counties. In southwestern Alabama, a separate cluster of PFAS detection has also drawn attention from residents and environmental advocates. Exact concentrations vary, but any level above the EPA’s new proposed limits creates concerns about potential long-term health effects.

Testing programs and public advisories

To track drinking water safety, some cities partner with ADEM and the EPA to conduct regular or targeted testing. These tests measure PFAS concentrations in finished tap water or in the source water itself. I have noticed that when elevated levels are found, the water system may issue a public notice and advise residents to use alternative sources or install point-of-use filters. Still, not all areas have equal resources for testing, creating possible data gaps.

ADEM guidelines: Encouraging municipal water systems to sample for PFAS
Federal push: EPA-proposed MCLs call for more stringent thresholds
Public alerts: Some communities provide mailers or online updates with test results

PFAS linked to local industry and waste disposal

PFAS can also reach drinking water through improper disposal of industrial byproducts or older, unlined landfills. In Alabama, certain landfills still manage waste where PFAS-containing items are dumped. If the landfill lacks a robust leachate treatment system, PFAS can migrate to groundwater or nearby streams. Meanwhile, wastewater treatment plants are not fully equipped to remove all PFAS, so some of these chemicals flow into rivers that may feed into drinking water supplies.

Several industrial complexes in the state manufacture or formulate PFAS. These facilities might discharge PFAS through permitted outfalls or accidental leaks. Additionally, local plating operations that use PFAS-based fume suppressants can release the chemicals in spent baths. Because PFAS are so resistant to breakdown, contaminants often remain for years, traveling downstream and potentially making their way into domestic wells or municipal treatment systems.

PFAS in Alabama’s soil and agriculture

I have seen farmers worry about PFAS that end up in soil. When PFAS-containing sludge or biosolids are used as fertilizer, contaminants can accumulate in the ground. Crops may then take up the chemicals, depositing them in edible tissues. Some PFAS can also cling to soil particles, persisting for unknown durations. This raises concerns about livestock ingesting PFAS through water or grazing areas, which can eventually lead to these substances entering the meat or dairy supply.

While comprehensive statewide testing of agricultural soils is limited, preliminary sampling in certain counties revealed measurable PFAS concentrations. This data is particularly alarming for anyone growing produce relying on local wells. Researchers note that understanding the precise role of PFAS uptake in crops still requires more large-scale studies, but the potential risks highlight the broad reach of PFAS in Alabama’s environment.

Health effects of PFAS exposure

PFAS can disrupt normal bodily processes and have been associated with kidney problems, thyroid disorders, immune function suppression, and other issues. One CDC update in early 2024 explicitly highlighted the connection between PFAS exposure and kidney cancer. The National Toxicology Program has also linked PFOS and PFOA to immune system impairment.

Here are a few of the commonly cited PFAS health concerns:

Liver damage: Some PFAS affect lipid metabolism, leading to elevated cholesterol or liver enzymes
Potential carcinogenicity: Certain PFAS, including PFOA, have been linked to kidney and testicular cancer
Endocrine disruption: Hormone-level changes and thyroid hormone irregularities have been commonly reported
Immune response suppression: Reduced antibody response could elevate susceptibility to infections

Numerous studies conducted or funded by NIEHS are underway to clarify the degree to which PFAS contribute to chronic diseases. I have found that the challenge lies in there being many different PFAS compounds, each with different toxicological profiles. Nonetheless, decreasing exposure remains a prudent step if your water or soil tests high for these substances.

PFAS-linked diseases in Alabama

I became especially concerned when I looked at disease rates possibly linked with PFAS in Alabama. Local data, while indicating some variation by region, reflect national patterns: kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and specific liver ailments show elevated risk among residents who have long-term PFAS exposure.

Kidney cancer

CDC findings discussed in a 2024 update established a greater risk of kidney cancer, particularly in communities exposed to high PFOA levels. According to emerging studies, PFOA can interfere with kidney cell function, triggering malignant transformations over time. Alabama has historically faced industrial discharges of PFOA, and some counties record around 1,000 newly diagnosed kidney cancer cases annually. About 200 deaths are reported each year, with men experiencing nearly twice the incidence rate compared to women.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer has also appeared in PFAS-focused research. In some national industrial communities, men exposed to certain PFAS showed slightly elevated risks of developing testicular tumors. Although direct data on testicular cancer in Alabama are less conclusive, investigations are ongoing. If you have prolonged exposure to PFAS through drinking water or occupational settings, it is advisable to consult a physician about potential screening.

Thyroid disease

PFAS, especially PFOS, can disrupt how the thyroid maintains hormone balance. Thyroid hormones influence metabolism, growth, and energy regulation. Even modest PFAS levels can alter these hormonal signals, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Alabama healthcare providers sometimes test for thyroid dysfunction in patients who report concerns about chemical exposure, particularly those living near PFAS hotspots.

Liver damage and cholesterol changes

Researchers have noted that PFAS disrupt normal liver function by increasing oxidative stress and interfering with lipid metabolism. Individuals in industrial areas have reported higher rates of high cholesterol and liver enzyme elevations. While not everyone with elevated PFAS levels has noticeable liver problems, the correlation is significant enough that some experts advise routine blood work for people who suspect chronic PFAS exposure. By detecting any metabolic abnormalities early, residents can explore dietary or medical interventions to protect long-term health.

How Alabama is responding to the PFAS crisis

Alabama’s response to PFAS contamination is a mix of state-led actions, federal collaborations, and local cleanups. After multiple community petitions and mounting evidence linking PFAS to health risks, officials proposed new guidelines to address water safety and public awareness. However, the complexity of PFAS, with thousands of variations, makes a unified, quick-fix solution difficult.

Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) actions

ADEM has increasingly encouraged testing in public water systems and has worked on specific PFAS guidance to help utilities reduce contamination. ADEM also collaborates with municipalities to identify older industrial sites, landfills, and other potential release origins so that short-term fixes, such as improved filtration, can offer immediate risk reduction.

Clarity on enforceable state-level PFAS standards remains a work in progress. Some states have introduced stringent MCLs well below federal levels, and I have seen ongoing discussions in Alabama hinting at similar measures. If these new standards are adopted, local industries might face steeper regulatory pressure on their allowable PFAS discharges.

EPA collaboration and federal funding

The EPA’s proposed PFAS regulations have influenced how Alabama structures its own protocols. Federal funding can help water systems upgrade their filtration technologies. Cities or utilities that find PFAS levels above proposed thresholds might qualify for pilot treatment programs to evaluate methods like activated carbon or reverse osmosis filtration. These collaborations aim to mitigate PFAS risks but also require consistent testing to confirm any improvement.

In addition, partnerships with agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can expand scientific research on PFAS in the state. I have noted that new studies may offer deeper insights into the nuances of PFAS environmental transport, empowering local policymakers to propose evidence-based guidelines.

Cleanup and monitoring efforts

Cleanup projects often focus on removing the largest contributors of PFAS to water and soil. For instance, landfill upgrades, including the installation of liners and leachate collection systems, can prevent future spread. Some industrial facilities are also investing in advanced treatment to reduce PFAS in their wastewater outflows.

Monitoring remains vital. Municipalities sometimes launch periodic testing cycles, while private well owners can request PFAS testing through accredited labs or state-run programs if available. Although progress is steady, maintaining transparency with the public about contaminant levels is critical. If test results confirm high PFAS, authorities may recommend additional steps such as bottled water or filter usage until a permanent solution is in place.

Can you test your water or soil for PFAS in Alabama?

If you suspect PFAS in your local water source or farmland, you can pursue testing through accredited environmental labs. These laboratories apply specialized methods—like liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry—to detect PFAS compounds at very low concentrations. Some counties in Alabama coordinate group testing events to reduce individual costs, or they offer subsidies for well owners under certain circumstances.

Testing instructions vary, but you typically need to:

Identify a reputable lab or a state-approved testing program
Collect water or soil samples based on lab guidelines (e.g., using PFAS-free containers)
Ship samples promptly to maintain integrity
Review the lab report, which will detail PFAS types detected and approximate concentrations

If your results exceed health-advisory or proposed MCL thresholds, consider measures such as installing an in-home filtration system. Granular activated-carbon or reverse-osmosis filters can decrease PFAS levels in drinking water. However, you may need professional advice or follow-up testing to confirm long-term effectiveness.

Do you qualify for a PFAS lawsuit in Alabama?

I have met residents who have pursued legal recourse after discovering PFAS contamination in their communities. Litigation often targets manufacturers or facilities responsible for releasing PFAS into drinking water sources. Sometimes, lawsuits are consolidated at the federal level, such as in Charleston, South Carolina, where a multidistrict litigation status for PFAS suits centralizes legal proceedings.

Key indicators that might make you eligible for an Alabama PFAS lawsuit include:

Living near a site with verified PFAS contamination
Documented medical conditions linked to PFAS, such as kidney cancer or testicular cancer
Proof of specific exposure pathways, like private well contamination or direct industrial discharge
Significant personal or property damage, including medical bills or property-value loss

If you are unsure whether you meet these criteria, you can contact attorneys who specialize in water contamination or personal injury law. Many residents have sought guidance from firms that understand PFAS litigation, especially since scientific evidence supporting health links is growing.

Why choose Legal Claim Assistant

When I started researching legal support, I found that working with an organization experienced in PFAS lawsuits is crucial. Legal Claim Assistant focuses on helping individuals like me connect with the right lawyers who handle PFAS water contamination suits. Their team understands the complexities of PFAS investigations, from verifying exposure sources to gathering expert testimony on health consequences.

If you believe PFAS exposure has harmed you and you want a free case review or more information about potential compensation, you may visit their PFAS Lawsuit page at Legal Claim Assistant. They also offer resources on filing a water contamination lawsuit and provide updates on PFAS-related legal developments, including the DuPont lawsuit. By leveraging their network of attorneys, you will have support in navigating the technical and legal details of PFAS litigation.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

I’ve collected some of the most common questions people have about PFAS in Alabama. The answers below compile insights from state advisories, academic research, and legal professionals.

Where has PFAS been detected in Alabama?

PFAS appear in multiple regions, including industrial corridors and areas with older landfills. Rural communities can also be affected if private wells draw on contaminated groundwater. Although testing is not uniform across the state, clusters of PFAS contamination have been documented in parts of northern and southwestern Alabama.

How can I test my drinking water or soil?

You can contact an environmental laboratory certified for PFAS testing. Some counties organize community testing sessions or partner with ADEM’s initiatives. You typically collect the sample following lab guidelines, mail it in, and receive a detailed report on PFAS concentrations within a few weeks.

What areas of Alabama are most affected?

Areas near industrial complexes, chrome plating operations, and old landfill sites often show higher PFAS readings. Military training locations that used Class B firefighting foam may also have local groundwater contamination. However, PFAS can migrate, so other less obvious regions might have elevated levels.

What illnesses are linked to PFAS exposure?

Kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and thyroid disorders are among the most cited diseases. PFAS are also associated with cholesterol changes, immune system suppression, and liver damage. Researchers funded by NIEHS are continuing to study the connections between specific PFAS compounds and an array of chronic health issues.

What is the state doing to reduce contamination?

ADEM and other agencies facilitate testing, recommend filtration upgrades, and encourage new regulations. The EPA’s push to set stricter PFAS limits also influences how Alabama addresses these chemicals. Cleanup efforts at landfills and industrial sites, as well as more advanced wastewater treatment, are ongoing.

Can I file a PFAS lawsuit if I’ve been affected?

Yes. If you have a confirmed PFAS exposure source in Alabama and suffer from related health problems or financial losses, you could be eligible for legal recourse. Speaking with an experienced water contamination attorney can help determine if you qualify to join or initiate a PFAS lawsuit, either in state or federal court.

How long does it take to settle a PFAS lawsuit?

A PFAS lawsuit can take several months to years. Group claims or class actions may settle faster, while individual personal injury cases can take longer due to medical reviews and case complexity. On average, settlements may be paid 12–24 months after the claim is approved.

How much did DuPont pay per person in PFAS lawsuits?

In one major case, DuPont paid $670.7 million to settle 3,550 lawsuits in Ohio. That averages about $189,000 per person, but amounts varied by health condition, exposure level, and supporting medical evidence.

What are the criteria to file a PFAS lawsuit?
You may qualify if:
You were exposed to PFAS after 1970
You drank contaminated tap water or used firefighting foam
You were diagnosed with a condition like kidney cancer, testicular cancer, bladder cancer, or thyroid disease
You can provide medical records and proof of exposure

What is the PFAS limit value?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently set a strict limit of 4 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS, two of the most harmful PFAS chemicals, in drinking water. Exceeding this limit may increase health risks, and could support a legal claim if exposure is proven.

Can I get a VA disability claim for PFAS exposure?

Yes, veterans may be eligible for VA claims if their PFAS exposure happened during military service—especially if they worked with AFFF firefighting foam or were stationed at a contaminated military base. Benefits depend on your diagnosis and proof of exposure.

How do I get tested for PFAS exposure?

Speak to your doctor about blood testing for PFAS. While tests can’t show the exact amount of chemicals in your body over time, they may confirm PFAS exposure. Combine this with your medical records and exposure history to support a legal claim.