PFAS in Massachusetts

PFAS in Massachusetts drinking water

Drinking water is a major source of PFAS exposure. MassDEP regulates public water systems under both state laws and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. In my research, I discovered that Massachusetts currently sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for six PFAS chemicals combined at 20 parts per trillion (ppt). These chemicals include:

• Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)
• Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)
• Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
• Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)
• Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)
• Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)

MassDEP is now reviewing updated federal guidelines from the EPA, which have proposed even more stringent MCLs for some PFAS. According to the EPA, PFOA and PFOS should not exceed 0.004 nanograms per liter (ng/L), a level far below Massachusetts’ current 20 ppt standard. If the state aligns with these lower limits, many more water suppliers would be required to take corrective steps.

Personally, I have talked to residents who rely on private wells for their water. Private wells in Massachusetts are not subject to public drinking water standards, but state agencies recommend well owners test for PFAS. Depending on the results, people may switch to bottled water, install specialized filters, or connect to a regulated water system if possible.

PFAS in Massachusetts soil and agriculture

PFAS do not just remain in water; they accumulate in soil as well. In Massachusetts, firefighting foam sprayed at training sites or airports has been a major culprit of soil contamination. Over time, permeation from soils to groundwater can occur, affecting crops and livestock. Although not all farmland in Massachusetts faces PFAS concerns, some areas with historical industrial use or firefighting foam activities are at higher risk.

I know local farmers who have taken precautions by testing their soil to ensure it does not contain elevated PFAS levels. When PFAS reach agricultural soil, they can potentially enter the food supply if plants or animals absorb them. As of now, research is ongoing to determine precisely how much PFAS might pass into produce or livestock. While data remain limited, Massachusetts authorities have encouraged farmers in known contamination zones to monitor both water and soil, which is also recommended by the Administrative Council on Toxics Use Reduction under 301 CMR 41.00.

Health effects of PFAS exposure

From what I have learned, PFAS exposure can affect multiple organ systems. The extent of harm depends on how much PFAS a person has encountered, how long they have been exposed, and individual health factors. Animal studies cited by the EPA indicate that PFAS exposure may damage the liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, and immune system.

In humans, researchers often point to increased cholesterol levels as a key sign of PFAS build-up. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that PFOS and PFOA were present in the blood of 97% of Americans, though levels have declined since these chemicals were phased out of many consumer products. Even moderate PFAS levels have been linked to concerns about immune response, for example diminishing the effectiveness of some vaccinations.

Cancer risk has also been highlighted. The EPA concluded that PFOA and PFOS are likely carcinogens, potentially increasing the risk of kidney, testicular, and liver cancer. These concerns have pushed authorities to further tighten MCLs and expand monitoring of private wells across Massachusetts.

PFAS-linked diseases in Massachusetts

In Massachusetts, PFAS-linked diseases have generated considerable discussion among healthcare providers, local policymakers, and the general public. I have often heard people ask which specific conditions are most closely associated with these chemicals. While more research is needed, there are strong indications that exposure to PFAS may lead to various cancers, thyroid malfunction, and cholesterol abnormalities.

Kidney cancer

Kidney cancer risk has been noted in studies involving PFOA and PFOS. According to the EPA, people with sustained exposure to these compounds were more likely to develop kidney tumors. Though not all exposed individuals will experience adverse outcomes, kidney cancer remains a significant health concern in areas where PFAS exceed recommended MCLs.

Testicular cancer

The incidence of testicular cancer has also been linked to elevated PFAS exposure. In my review of scientific literature, I found studies showing a potential correlation between PFOA exposure and testicular tumors. Ongoing research in communities with PFAS contamination aims to clarify the concentration at which testicular cancer incidence might increase.

Thyroid disease

PFAS may disrupt thyroid function by interfering with hormones that regulate metabolism. Individuals experiencing unexplained weight gain, fatigue, or temperature sensitivity might want to consult a healthcare provider if they believe they have been exposed to PFAS. The National Toxicology Program acknowledges that some types of PFAS could suppress immune cells, potentially affecting thyroid function and overall endocrine health.

Liver damage and cholesterol changes

Many people I speak with are aware that PFAS can influence liver function. Animal studies suggest the liver is especially vulnerable to these chemicals, which can lead to elevated liver enzymes or changes in metabolic processes. A common finding among individuals exposed to PFAS is higher than normal cholesterol levels, which can contribute to cardiovascular disease in the long run.

How Massachusetts is responding to the PFAS crisis

Massachusetts has taken a proactive stance on PFAS, thanks in large part to public concern and evolving federal guidance. While state regulations are currently strict compared to many other jurisdictions, I have seen state officials confirm that more adjustments may be on the way to align with emerging science.

Role of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP)

The MassDEP leads regulatory efforts, enforcing water quality standards and overseeing cleanup initiatives. Under the Massachusetts Pesticide Control Act (Chapter 132B) and other regulations (333 CMR), the state monitors PFAS-related pesticide usage, industrial processes, and agricultural applications. MassDEP also compiles public water system data to identify communities at risk. Their website provides testing recommendations, details on treatment technologies, and instructions for private well owners.

State enforceable PFAS standards

Massachusetts set an MCL of 20 ppt for six combined PFAS in drinking water. Public water suppliers must regularly test and report results to the MassDEP. If results exceed 20 ppt, suppliers are required to take necessary steps, which may include blending water sources, installing advanced filtration, or providing alternative water until levels fall below the threshold.

MassDEP officials are keeping close tabs on the EPA’s updated MCLs. If adopted, these new federal limits could lead to more stringent state standards. That would increasingly inspire local water authorities to invest in technologies like granular activated carbon filters or reverse osmosis systems to reduce PFAS exposure.

Cleanup efforts and water testing programs

In Massachusetts, soil and groundwater remediation efforts at contaminated sites often involve removing and disposing of PFAS-laden materials or trapping PFAS in specialized containment systems. There is still a broad consensus among experts that complete removal of these chemicals from the environment remains challenging. Instead, the state focuses on controlling further spread and mitigating harm.

I have observed that some municipalities offer free or subsidized PFAS testing for private well owners. Many local health departments advise routine testing, especially near former industrial sites or firefighting training grounds. When tests confirm dangerously high PFAS levels, residents are usually directed to bottled water or in-home filtration until a permanent solution can be implemented.

Can you test your water or soil for PFAS in Massachusetts?

Yes, if you suspect PFAS contamination in your home or soil, you can arrange testing through certified laboratories. MassDEP provides a list of approved labs that specialize in PFAS analysis for water and soil. In my own experience, it is advisable to collect water samples carefully, following the lab’s instructions to avoid cross-contamination. For soil testing, professional sampling might be optimal, particularly if you are near known PFAS hot spots like airports or industrial zones.

If your results show PFAS levels above the Massachusetts MCL, you may consider switching to bottled water or installing a home filtration system. According to MassDEP, reverse osmosis filters and granular activated carbon filters can be effective in reducing some PFAS chemicals. If you are in a public water supply area, request your local supplier’s latest PFAS test results. If you rely on a private well, I suggest retesting periodically, especially if PFAS regulations change.

Do you qualify for a PFAS lawsuit in Massachusetts?

I often hear from people wondering whether they can take legal action if their health or property has been harmed by PFAS. Lawsuits involve showing that a person or entity is responsible for contaminating water sources or soil with these chemicals. Plaintiffs often allege negligence or failure to warn about the potential dangers of PFAS.

Eligibility can depend on various factors, such as:

1. Your level of PFAS exposure
2. Documented illnesses or health conditions linked to PFAS
3. Proof of property damage or decreased property value
4. Evidence connecting your exposure to a specific polluter

If you believe you or a loved one has been harmed, consulting with an attorney experienced in PFAS cases can be an important next step. These lawyers typically offer free case evaluations to assess whether your claim might succeed in court. More information is available at the dedicated PFAS Lawsuit page.

Why choose Legal Claim Assistant

When it comes to PFAS contamination, I know that navigating the legal system can be overwhelming. Legal Claim Assistant works to simplify the process by connecting you with reputable attorneys who focus on mass tort and personal injury claims related to toxic exposure. If you are unsure where to turn, their platform can give you a straightforward path to find legal representation familiar with PFAS science and Massachusetts regulations.

Legal Claim Assistant also maintains resources to help you understand your legal rights, including guides to water contamination lawsuits and insights into past PFAS-related claims. By consolidating expert advice, they aim to ensure that you do not have to search alone for lawyers or wonder whether your claim is valid.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

I often receive a range of questions about PFAS in Massachusetts. Below are the most common concerns and straightforward answers to help you better understand the risks and responses to these chemicals.