PFAS in Michigan

Last updated: July 16, 2025
Contributor: nicky

I have followed water safety developments across the United States for years, and I learned early on that PFAS contamination is especially concerning in Michigan. State officials, researchers, and residents alike have raised the alarm about these synthetic chemicals, which have turned up in drinking water, soil, and even Michigan’s agricultural produce. I discovered that more than 11,000 potential contamination sites have been identified statewide, and nearly 2 million people have had their water tested with detectable levels of these compounds, according to the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE).

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are man-made chemicals used in industrial and consumer products for decades. Because they do not break down easily in the environment, they can pose ongoing risks to human health. I find this persistence alarming, as it means the chemicals can linger in soil, water, food, and even our bodies.

In this article, I will share the latest information on what PFAS are, why they are dangerous, and how deeply they have affected different parts of Michigan’s ecosystem. I will also examine the state’s response, including testing programs, new regulations, and inter-agency collaborations. If you believe you or your loved ones have been harmed by PFAS, I will show you where you can test your water or soil, and how you might qualify for legal assistance.

What are PFAS and why are they dangerous?

When I first heard of PFAS, I wanted to understand exactly what made them so problematic. These chemicals belong to a large family that includes PFOA, PFOS, and many other variants used in firefighting foams, nonstick cookware, moisture-repellent fabrics, food-packaging materials, and industrial processes. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), PFAS do not degrade easily under typical environmental conditions. Instead, they migrate through soil, waterways, and groundwater—a quality that has caused these chemicals to appear in unexpected places, from rural private wells to big-city water treatment plants.

One of the primary risks associated with PFAS is their ability to accumulate in living organisms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has tracked PFAS in blood samples across the United States and found widespread exposure, especially for PFOA and PFOS. Research suggests possible links to adverse health outcomes, including high cholesterol, increased risk of kidney and testicular cancers, impaired immune response, and more.

PFAS are dangerous partly because they can enter our bodies through simple daily activities. When we eat food packaged in materials treated with PFAS, drink water with detectable concentrations, or breathe dust from carpets and upholstery made with PFAS-based coatings, we ingest trace amounts. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services warns that while there may be ways to reduce exposure—like using better filtration or switching to PFAS-free consumer products—completely avoiding PFAS can be difficult without broad regulatory action.

Where are PFAS found in Michigan?

As I looked into official figures, I was especially concerned by how widespread these chemicals are across the state. According to EGLE, more than 11,000 sites have been identified as potential PFAS contamination sources. Much of this contamination stems from industrial use of firefighting foam at airports, military bases, and fire training facilities. When these foams, known as Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF), are used repeatedly on the same land for training exercises, PFAS can seep into the soil and flow into nearby lakes, rivers, or streams.

Research also indicates that Michigan’s significant manufacturing and plating industries have contributed to these chemicals being discharged into the environment over decades. Disposing of materials containing PFAS in landfills or industrial waste sites may lead to leaching into groundwater, especially in areas with older or inadequate lining technology.

It is not just water and soil that can host PFAS in Michigan. Experts caution that these chemicals also infiltrate local fish populations and other wildlife. Through a process known as bioaccumulation, PFAS can become more concentrated as they move up the food chain. Consequently, anglers or hunters might face higher exposure if they consume tainted fish or game. Similar PFAS pollution has been reported in other states, too, including Minnesota and New York, reminding me that this is hardly a localized problem.

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PFAS in Michigan’s drinking water

Among the concerns I find most pressing is the presence of PFAS in drinking water. Approximately 75% of Michiganders get their water from public systems, and the remaining 25% rely on private wells, according to state data. In recent years, testing has revealed varying PFAS levels in both public supplies and private wells.

The EPA made a notable shift in April 2024 by establishing the first-ever national drinking water standards for PFAS. These standards limit PFOA and PFOS to 4 parts per trillion (ppt), which is stricter than Michigan’s previous guidelines. I see this as a significant milestone because it sets a nationwide regulatory threshold, but local officials still have an important role in monitoring water systems to comply with—or surpass—these standards.

Alarm came from Metro Detroit’s water supplies, where some untreated source water showed detectable levels of PFAS. This discovery led to calls for more robust filtration practices. Communities with older filtration technology faced challenges in bringing PFAS levels down, fueling discussions about infrastructure investments. Michigan’s Department of Health and Human Services encourages residents unsure about their tap water quality to contact local water authorities or consider in-home filtration systems certified for PFAS removal.

PFAS in Michigan’s soil and agriculture

As I spoke with local farmers, it quickly became clear that PFAS contamination can impact soil fertility and food safety. When PFAS-laden firefighting foams or industrial waste seep into the ground, the chemicals can bind to soil particles, potentially affecting crop production. Research continues on how plants absorb PFAS. Some studies suggest certain crops are more likely to transfer these chemicals from the soil into edible tissues, while others show negligible uptake.

Michigan’s agricultural sector is vibrant, producing fruits, vegetables, and dairy products that feed the region and beyond. Although widespread PFAS-related impacts on agriculture have not been as extensively documented as water concerns, the possibility of contamination still requires careful monitoring. If farmland is near industrial sites, airports, or known spill areas, the likelihood of soil contamination may be higher.

To protect both consumers and farmers, specialized soil testing can detect harmful levels of PFAS. State programs may provide guidance or in some cases financial assistance for remediation. I consistently encourage any grower worried about potential exposure to contact researchers at universities or the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for advice.

Health effects of PFAS exposure

Scientific research has linked PFAS exposure to a range of health issues. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), these can include high cholesterol, reduced vaccine response in children, changes in liver enzymes, and increased risk of kidney or testicular cancers. Some studies note possible reproductive effects, while others link PFAS to changes in thyroid hormone levels.

An important concern for parents is that PFAS can even pass from mothers to babies during pregnancy and breastfeeding. According to experts, these chemicals move from the bloodstream into breast milk. Health advisers still recommend breastfeeding, emphasizing that its benefits typically outweigh the risks. If you are a mother in Michigan, your doctor can help assess whether your local water supply or environment poses a significant threat to your infant.

Researchers are also exploring how PFAS mixtures act when multiple PFAS compounds are present simultaneously. Ongoing studies, including projects coordinated by MPART (Michigan PFAS Action Response Team), gather data on combined PFAS exposure. I find this work valuable, because addressing a single PFAS compound in isolation may underestimate the risks of real-world chemical mixtures.

PFAS-linked diseases in Michigan

I have reviewed numerous scientific papers and state health advisories illustrating that certain diseases and conditions appear more frequently in communities with high PFAS contamination. Although correlation does not always mean causation, these studies suggest a heightened need for early detection and preventive care.

Kidney cancer

A particularly distressing association is the link between PFAS and kidney cancer. Shortly after 2010, scientists began looking into higher kidney cancer rates in communities located near industrial sites using PFAS-laden chemicals. According to the National Cancer Institute, kidney cancer risk can be influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and occupational hazards. However, PFAS exposure is emerging as a possible aggravating factor—especially in heavily industrialized or firefighting-training locations.

Testicular cancer

Research has also pointed to testicular cancer risks in areas with elevated PFAS levels. Information published by the CDC cites several epidemiological studies indicating a higher incidence of testicular tumors among individuals exposed to certain PFAS compounds. Because testicular cancer is generally rare compared to other cancers, spikes in local incidence rates often grab attention quickly.

Thyroid disease

When I discuss PFAS with medical professionals, thyroid disease often emerges as a major concern. PFAS exposure may disrupt hormone regulation, potentially leading to hypothyroidism or other thyroid gland disorders. The thyroid regulates metabolism and growth, so disruptions can cause fatigue, weight gain, and other chronic symptoms. Although researchers have yet to confirm a direct causal mechanism, the link appears compelling enough that doctors in some PFAS-affected areas monitor patients more closely for thyroid function.

Liver damage and cholesterol changes

Multiple studies have documented how PFAS can affect the liver, with some data showing elevated liver enzymes. Cholesterol levels also appear to shift under prolonged PFAS exposure. According to the ATSDR, individuals with higher blood levels of PFAS, especially PFOA, often show raised LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Elevated LDL may elevate heart disease risk.

Though many health concerns are still under investigation, I believe caution is warranted whenever communities encounter higher-than-average PFAS concentrations. The possibility of these chemicals contributing to multiple chronic diseases underscores how crucial it is for people to get tested or see a healthcare provider if exposure is suspected.

How Michigan is responding to PFAS contamination

I have watched Michigan’s approach to PFAS become more systematic over the past decade. The state government has instituted measures to identify contaminated sites, develop standards for various PFAS compounds, and inform the public about ways to reduce exposure. These coordinated efforts reflect the seriousness of the contamination problem and the desire to protect public health.

Statewide testing and regulation efforts

The statewide campaign to test public water systems began a few years ago and continues today. Officials are prioritizing communities near known industrial discharge points or firefighting training facilities. Michigan’s regulatory agencies also keep track of private wells through voluntary sampling, especially in high-risk areas.

In April 2024, the EPA reinforced federal oversight by setting definitive limits for PFOS and PFOA in drinking water. Even though Michigan had already established some of the most stringent state-level standards in the nation, I see this federal move as strengthening overall accountability. Municipal water treatment plants are upgrading filtration technologies, and local governments are exploring funding sources to manage or remediate PFAS hotspots.

Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART)

Concern over PFAS led to the creation of the Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART) in 2017 via Executive Order. Composed of state agencies ranging from the Department of Health and Human Services to the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, MPART aims to coordinate testing, cleanup, and public-awareness initiatives.

MPART regularly publishes updated maps of PFAS sites in Michigan, highlighting properties where groundwater samples exceed Michigan’s PFAS groundwater cleanup criteria. Many of these sites are linked to the historical use of AFFF at fire training areas. The team also supports collaboration with the National Center for Environmental Health to study PFAS mixtures, focusing on potential health outcomes for residents in exposed communities.

According to MPART, anyone in Michigan who suspects their well or local water supply might be contaminated can contact the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy for guidance. The Department of Health and Human Services Toxicology Hotline (800-648-6942) is also available for those seeking health-related information and resources.

Can you test your water or soil for PFAS in Michigan?

If you are concerned about potential PFAS in your drinking water, private wells, or soil, you can pursue testing through licensed laboratories or state-endorsed programs. While municipal water supplies are already under regular testing, private wells are often tested at residents’ initiative.

Contact local or state officials. City or county health departments can share information on free or low-cost programs, particularly if you live near a known contamination area.
Use certified labs. If you have to arrange your own testing, ensure the laboratory is accredited for PFAS analysis.
Explore in-home filtration. Carbon-based or reverse-osmosis filters may reduce PFAS levels, though the effectiveness depends on the filter’s specifications. Look for filters certified to remove PFOA and PFOS.
Follow well-maintenance best practices. Checking the well’s integrity, pump housing, and seal can reduce the risk of surface water infiltration.

I urge individuals who grow crops, whether for home consumption or commercial sale, to ask agriculture extension services about soil testing. While PFAS uptake in plants varies, testing remains the best method to identify contamination risks early.

Do you qualify for a PFAS lawsuit in Michigan?

Over the past few years, legal claims related to PFAS exposure have increased, especially when individuals suffer significant health issues potentially tied to industrial negligence or contaminated water sources. If you suspect you have been harmed by PFAS, you might qualify for a lawsuit in Michigan if:

Your workplace used large volumes of PFAS-containing chemicals, and you experienced direct, prolonged exposure.
You reside near a known contamination source, such as a military base or an industrial site, and have developed health complications commonly associated with PFAS.
Your private or public water supply showed high PFAS levels that correspond with your or your child’s diagnosed health condition.

Determining whether you have a valid claim can be complex. I suggest consulting with firms experienced in environmental litigation. You may also read more about PFAS-related litigation at:

These resources provide insight into how attorneys evaluate PFAS cases, potential lawsuit settlements, and steps you can take to protect your legal rights.

Why choose Legal Claim Assistant

I consistently advise people seeking help with potential PFAS claims to look for reliable, knowledgeable support. Legal Claim Assistant connects individuals with attorneys who understand environmental litigation and can evaluate your case from multiple angles. If you have questions about PFAS exposure, health repercussions, or property loss, Legal Claim Assistant can help you pursue a free case review.

Legal claims involving PFAS often require substantial documentation, including medical records, test results, and historical data on contamination sources. I have found that thorough case preparation increases the likelihood of efficient resolution. Using a reputable service like Legal Claim Assistant saves time and ensures that your concerns reach legal professionals with experience in this field.

Moreover, because PFAS-related health effects can accumulate or take years to manifest, timely legal consultation protects your right to seek compensation. With experts to guide you, you will know if a personal injury or wrongful death claim is appropriate, or if specific class-action lawsuits are an option.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

With hundreds of confirmed PFAS contamination sites across Michigan, many residents have urgent questions about their health, water, and legal rights. This FAQ offers clear answers to the most common concerns, helping you understand what PFAS exposure means and what steps you can take next.

How many PFAS sites are there in Michigan?

EGLE data shows more than 11,000 sites across the state where firefighting foam, industrial processes, or other commercialization of PFAS may have led to contamination. Each site is evaluated for groundwater PFAS levels that exceed Michigan’s established cleanup criteria.

What is MPART and what does it do?

MPART (Michigan PFAS Action Response Team) is a cross-agency collaborative group formed in 2017 to address PFAS contamination. It coordinates investigations, testing, public outreach, and policymaking among agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, and others. MPART’s responsibilities also include establishing cleanup criteria and promoting research into PFAS health effects.

Can I test my drinking water for PFAS in Michigan?

Yes. If you use a public water system, your local authority should share PFAS testing results. If you own a private well, you can either request assistance from your county health department or hire a certified lab. A list of Michigan-certified labs is typically available through the state’s official websites. Some communities also offer free or discounted well testing, especially if you live near a known contamination source.

Are there PFAS in Michigan-grown crops?

PFAS can contaminate soil and groundwater where crops are grown. While current data does not indicate widespread infiltration into all produce, certain fields located near industrial sites, landfill areas, or airports could face higher exposure. Ongoing research explores which crops absorb PFAS most readily, and soil testing remains the best way to assess contamination risks.

Can I sue if I was harmed by PFAS in Michigan?

If you developed health problems linked to PFAS exposure, especially if you live close to a known contamination source, you may have grounds for legal action. Lawsuits typically revolve around proving that an entity—like a manufacturer or municipal supplier—failed to prevent or properly warn about PFAS in your water or environment. Speaking with a specialized environmental attorney can help you determine whether you have legal standing.

What health problems are linked to PFAS exposure?

Studies have noted various health-related effects, including increased cholesterol levels, potential kidney and testicular cancer risk, smaller infant birth weights, reduced vaccine response, and possible thyroid disorders. According to the CDC and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), most people in the United States carry at least some PFAS in their blood, although levels of older compounds like PFOS and PFOA have declined in recent years.

If you do not feel your matter aligns with a mass tort or class-action suit, you can still explore alternatives such as individual personal injury claims. It is advisable to gather medical records, water or soil test results, and any property-value data reflecting the negative effects of PFAS. Having this information ready will help you and your attorney build a comprehensive case.