PFAS in Rhode Island

PFAS in Rhode Island’s drinking water

As I examined the patterns of PFAS contamination, the clearest concern is the risk of ingesting these chemicals through drinking water. PFAS can accumulate in aquifers and wells, creating an exposure path for entire communities. Rhode Island first introduced a limit of 20 ppt for six combined PFAS compounds in public drinking-water supplies. This threshold aligns with other states that have decided to regulate PFAS more stringently than federal guidelines.

Confirmed sites and affected utilities

DOH data shows that smaller community water systems and schools in areas such as North Smithfield and Foster have reported PFAS levels between 55 and 75 ppt. Captain Isaac Paine Elementary School in Foster is one example of a site that recorded PFAS above the state limit. Meanwhile, one other system exceeded 70 ppt, signaling even higher health concerns if consumed regularly. These findings underscore the importance of periodic testing throughout the state.

‍In addition to public systems, private wells are also being sampled. According to DEM, private wells located near long-standing industrial or defense sites may carry higher PFAS levels. People who rely on private wells often do not undergo regular checks, so the state encourages them to request water-quality tests, particularly if they notice changes in water taste or color, or if they live near any known PFAS source.

PFAS sources: Firefighting foam, industrial discharges, landfills

Rhode Island’s firefighting community historically used AFFF, a foam containing PFAS formulations, during training exercises and real-life emergencies. Landfills are another contributor. Leachate from municipal dumps, such as Rose Hill Regional Landfill in South Kingstown, can seep into surface and groundwater. Industrial discharges—especially from textile mills that used PFAS-based coatings on fabrics—also remain a documented source of contamination. Effluent from these mills can travel through wastewater treatment plants and eventually enter local rivers or coastal ecosystems.

Rhode Island Department of Health & EPA testing results

As of this year, 11 water systems in Rhode Island have tested beyond the state-established limit for PFAS. The state is using targeted testing and monitoring procedures, advised by the EPA, to identify and mitigate problem areas. Since July, public water systems have been mandated to notify DOH if contaminant levels exceed 20 ppt. Officials say these data-collection efforts are an important step toward understanding PFAS trends statewide. The results help local authorities prioritize resources, plan remediation, and communicate health guidelines to the public.

PFAS in Rhode Island’s soil and environment

PFAS do not only threaten drinking water. They also have the potential to contaminate soil, leading to further issues with local agriculture and wildlife. Soil contamination occurs when PFAS-laden wastewater sludge or industrial runoff settles on land over time. According to scientists, including the University of Rhode Island’s Dr. Rainer Lohmann, PFAS have been detected around airports, industrial plants, and naval bases across the state. Once PFAS accumulate in soil, they may eventually enter the food chain via crops or livestock.

Contamination of soil through wastewater sludge

Rhode Island’s wastewater treatment plants serve as key collection points for sewage, industrial discharge, and stormwater. When these facilities treat water, leftover sludge can contain concentrated levels of PFAS that remain stable even after processing. Some wastewater treatment operations have historically distributed or sold treated sludge as fertilizer or soil amendment. If applied incorrectly or used in significant quantities, this sludge could elevate PFAS levels in farmland soil.

DEM now requires many facilities applying for Rhode Island Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (RIPDES) permit renewals to analyze their sludge for PFAS. Industrial users such as platers, paper manufacturers, and fabric treaters must also test their discharge before sending it to municipal treatment plants. According to the latest regulations, this monitoring will make it easier for authorities to track potential PFAS contributions throughout the state.

Risk to local food, wildlife, and ecosystems

Once PFAS enter soil, they can migrate into crops, which humans and livestock consume. Several academic studies indicate that PFAS chemicals can attach to proteins in plants, thereby making their way into the wider food chain. Wildlife may come into contact with PFAS-contaminated soil or water, affecting fish, birds, and larger predators.

Local aquifers, wetlands, and estuaries are also vulnerable. Over the long term, entire ecosystems could experience shifts in biodiversity due to potential toxicity, especially if contamination is not contained. In the coastal zones of Rhode Island, PFAS-laden runoff can affect marine life near the Bay, impacting fisheries and possibly the shellfish industry. That is why state and local governments continue to spearhead testing in surface waters, including areas that receive wastewater discharges.

Health effects of PFAS exposure

Researchers have associated PFAS exposure with an array of health problems. Various studies, such as those published in The New England Journal of Medicine, found correlations between PFAS levels in drinking water and incidents of cancer, immune system suppression, and liver complications. Some highlights from peer-reviewed journals include:

• Increased risk of kidney and testicular cancers in communities exposed to PFAS above permissible levels.

• Impaired thyroid function caused by chemical interference with hormone regulation.

• Elevated cholesterol levels and potential effects on heart health.

• Impaired vaccine response among children exposed to higher concentrations.

Still, experts stress that not everyone exposed to PFAS will develop these conditions. Individual health outcomes vary based on intensity and duration of exposure, as well as personal risk factors such as age, overall health, and lifestyle habits. I often encourage people to follow official health guidelines, which may recommend regular checkups if PFAS levels are significantly elevated in their local water supply.

Diseases linked to PFAS in Rhode Island

In Rhode Island, ongoing research efforts have focused on understanding both short- and long-term health threats posed by PFAS. The diseases highlighted below represent particular concerns raised by state officials, university scientists, and community advocates. My goal here is to share fact-based summaries so you can make informed decisions about your own health.

Kidney cancer

Kidney cancer is among the most frequently cited illnesses in discussions surrounding PFAS exposure. Researchers suspect that PFAS can cause cellular damage, leading to an increased cancer risk over time. While more data are needed to draw definitive conclusions, the precautionary approach is to lower PFAS levels in drinking water, soil, or any other pathway that brings these chemicals into contact with the human body.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is less common than kidney cancer overall, but some studies point to a correlation between testicular tumors and elevated PFAS exposure. In areas with known contamination, clinicians often take a closer look at patients presenting symptoms or test results consistent with testicular disorders. Although alternative explanations remain possible, PFAS serve as one factor under investigation.

Liver and thyroid disorders

PFAS chemicals may stress the liver, particularly through metabolic pathways related to fat processing and detoxification. Certain PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS, have been associated with fatty liver disease and related complications. Thyroid disorders are also a health consideration because PFAS can interfere with normal hormone signaling. Over time, these disruptions may alter thyroid hormone levels, affecting metabolism, energy, and other bodily functions.

Developmental and reproductive harm

Dr. Joseph Braun’s work at Brown University indicates that children exposed to higher PFAS concentrations may be at greater risk for developmental or reproductive harm. Low birth weight, preterm delivery, and possible neurodevelopmental issues figure prominently among concerns. According to Braun’s research, continuous monitoring can help stakeholders catch trends and guide policy decisions on PFAS regulation.

Immune system effects

Studies have shown that PFAS exposure potentially reduces immune response capacity. Children appear particularly susceptible because their immune systems are still developing. Compromised immunity could mean a higher vulnerability to infections and a corresponding reduction in the efficacy of certain vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also recognized that more research is needed to better understand how PFAS might impact different segments of the population.

How is Rhode Island responding to PFAS contamination?

Rhode Island has enacted a series of strategies to address PFAS hazards. These include setting enforceable drinking-water limits, conducting broad-based testing, and initiating legislation to remedy contaminated sites. Lawsuits have also been filed at the state level, indicating that regulatory efforts are under intense scrutiny and may continue to evolve.

State monitoring and drinking water advisories

The state requires water systems to test for PFAS and promptly notify residents of any exceedances above 20 ppt. DEM and DOH frequently cooperate, sharing data to map contamination and reduce public health risks. In some cases, water suppliers have adopted water-treatment technologies designed to remove PFAS, such as granular activated carbon or ion-exchange systems. According to state officials, public notices may include recommendations for pregnant women, infants, and those with compromised immune systems to avoid water with elevated PFAS levels until remedial measures are instituted.

Legislative proposals and cleanup efforts

In spring 2023, Rhode Island Attorney General Peter F. Neronha brought a lawsuit against multiple companies involved in manufacturing or distributing PFAS-rich products, a development consistent with efforts in other states like New York or Minnesota. The suit aims to hold these entities liable for contamination and to recoup costs incurred by the state for cleanup and medical expenses.

Legislators in Rhode Island have also introduced bills to ban certain uses of PFAS in consumer goods. Proposed laws focus on restricting PFAS in firefighting foam except in specifically exempt scenarios, as well as encouraging alternatives to PFAS-featuring products such as food packaging. Cleanup efforts often involve specialized treatments for soil and groundwater, including advanced filtration and containment technologies.

Federal and community response

National agencies including the EPA, CDC, and Department of Defense are collaborating with Rhode Island’s state agencies to streamline best practices for testing and groundwater remediation. Some community groups have also stepped up, advocating for stronger health-based standards and expanding water-sampling programs to include more private wells.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that at least 45% of the nation’s tap water may contain one or more PFAS, including areas in the Eastern Seaboard. This statistic resonates with local findings in Rhode Island. Knowing that Rhode Island’s contamination fits into a broader national picture can help health officials and residents understand why they should remain vigilant.

Can you test your water or soil for PFAS in Rhode Island?

If you suspect PFAS contamination in your tap water or soil, you have a few options:

1. Contact your local water supplier and request the latest test results for PFAS.

2. Hire a state-certified laboratory to conduct private well or soil tests. DEM provides a list of recognized facilities.

3. Keep an eye on official advisories. DEM and DOH update the public when localized testing or monitoring reveals problematic levels.

I recommend starting with your community water provider because they are legally required to monitor and disclose PFAS data. For private wells, it is prudent to test at least once, or more frequently if you live near a known contamination site.

Do you qualify for a PFAS lawsuit in Rhode Island?

Lawsuits related to PFAS contamination often highlight harm done to residents and businesses due to known or suspected polluters. You may be eligible to file or join a case if:

• You consumed water that was documented as having high PFAS levels.

• You experienced health issues—like kidney or testicular cancer—that some research connects to PFAS exposure.

• You own a private well or property impacted by PFAS infiltration.

• You incurred medical expenses or property damage that you attribute to PFAS.

If you think your circumstances match any of the above, consider discussing it with a professional who understands environmental law in Rhode Island. Legal claims may involve proving that you were exposed to a specific PFAS source, as well as showing a link between that exposure and your medical or financial damages.

Why choose Legal Claim Assistant

When it comes to PFAS contamination, I trust the importance of working with an experienced team. Legal Claim Assistant connects individuals to lawyers who focus on contamination lawsuits. If you have been exposed to PFAS and face medical bills or uncertainty about your long-term health, they can help you find the right legal partner for a free case review.

For more details on broader PFAS legal topics, I suggest visiting their PFAS Lawsuit page. You can also read about water contamination lawsuits and learn more about how companies like DuPont have faced legal scrutiny for PFAS-related issues.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

I often receive questions from Rhode Island residents about how PFAS might affect them directly. Here are a few common queries, along with concise answers to guide your next steps.